Hydroponics 101: No Soil Needed
What is hydroponics? Hydroponics is defined as growing plants in a nutrient-rich, water-based solution instead of soil. So, why would anyone want to go soil-less? You might consider hydroponics if you want faster growth, higher yields, and the ability to produce fruits or vegetables year-round. Because the plants grow indoors, you can grow things even in small spaces, such as apartments, without needing a backyard. Some people believe hydroponics is the future of agriculture.
Essential Components of a Hydroponic System
A hydroponic system needs several basic things. You need water as the nutrient carrier. You need specifically formulated, liquid-soluble fertilizers. Plants need minerals such as phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, and several micronutrients. You also need high-intensity, full-spectrum LED or fluorescent grow lights to replace the sunlight that would be outdoors. Oxygen is essential for root health; it is achieved through aeration. Correct temperature is required (often 65-75ºF / 18-24 ºC). Finally, you need a support system of inert, well-draining media such as coconut coir (made from coconut husks), perlite (a volcanic glass), or rockwool (a mineral wool created by blowing steam through molten rock) to hold the roots
Common Types of Hydroponic Systems
There are several different types of systems. A deep-water culture (DWC) is a simple “bucket” system with a submerged air stone that may work well for beginners. A wick system is a low-tech system good for small herbs. One example of this method is the Kratky method, in which plants with fabric wicks are placed in bottles. In another system, called Nutrient Film Technique, nutrient solution flows over roots in a slanted tube. Finally, vertical tower gardens can maximize vertical space. With hydroponics, it is possible to grow many more plants in a space than traditional farming due to the use of vertical gardening. There are other types of hydroponic systems, but these are good for beginners
How to Start Your Own Hydroponic Garden
To get started, select a location. You will need an indoor area with electrical access and proper ventilation. You can either purchase a hydroponic system from a retailer such as Amazon or build your own system using containers. A guide for do-it-yourselfers is DIY Hydroponic Gardens by Tyler Baras. Set up lights at the correct height. You will want to make room for your plants to grow. Different types of plants require different kinds of light. Seedlings will need to be started in rockwool or sponges. Regularly monitor the pH of the solution (whether the solution is acidic or basic). A pH between 5.5-6.0 is optimal for nutrient absorption. Water will need to be changed every 3-4 weeks and liquid fertilizer added.
Some of the best plants for beginners are leafy greens: lettuce, kale, and spinach. Good herbs are basil, cilantro, mint, and parsley. Beginners may also want to try small fruits such as strawberries. This will get you started; there are, in fact, many other fruits and vegetables you can grow with hydroponics!
Hydroponics Is a Rewarding Way to Grow Food
Hydroponics offers several benefits. Hydroponics uses 80-95% less water than field farming. Because plants receive nutrients directly from the watery solution, growth is faster and yield can be higher. Because there is no soil, there are no soil-borne pests or diseases. No weeding is required. There is very little soil cultivation required.
Troubleshooting involves keeping the reservoir light-proof to prevent algae development. The pH of the solution must remain consistent. It can be managed with “pH Up” or “pH Down” solutions. Common issues include root rot, which is due to a lack of oxygen, and nutrient deficiencies.
Although hydroponics has a learning curve, it is rewarding. There is a sense of dignity that comes from growing one’s own food. You can start small and grow as you learn.
Visit for more information:
Hydroponic Gardening For Beginners | Simple Step-by-Step Guide
How to Start a Hydroponic Garden: 5 Methods
Hydroponics Water Usage: How Does It Compare? | ShunCy
Deep Water Culture (DWC): What Is It And How To Get Started
Best pH Level for Hydroponic (Hydroponic pH Level Chart) – Gardenia Organic
Baras, T. (2018). DIY Hydroponic Gardens. Quarto Publishing Group.